Spherical lens

Spherical lens, the shape of the sphere corresponds to the section of the sphere, and the sphere is a rotationally symmetric optical element whose radius of curvature does not change the distance from the geometric center. This means that the optically effective area can be described by specifying only one parameter, the radius R. Since this parameter is constant over the entire surface, the sphere has a relatively economical cost advantage in manufacturing.
In terms of production cost, spherical lenses have obvious advantages. This is due to the uniform shape of the sphere ensuring a simple manufacturing process and shorter production times. Spherical lenses are suitable for fast generation of aspects of optical inspection and uniform measurement. For example, tactile measurement methods (such as profilometers or 3D coordinate measuring machines), as well as optical measurement methods (such as interferometers and computer-generated holograms (CGH)) are selected for measurement using spherical lenses. Spherical lenses have a wide range of applications, such as metrology, aerospace (spectrometers mounted inside satellites) or medical technology (slit lamps for examining the anterior segment). Used to refract incident light to the desired degree depending on the shape, scattering or focusing properties of spherical lenses. In imaging systems, where high image quality is accompanied by low imaging errors, spherical aberration can also be reduced by selecting the effective aperture, which is caused by blocking other incident rays with stronger peripheral light intensity. In addition, the use of multiple spherical lenses can also improve image quality, but the spatial conditions of the optical system must be considered. Achromatic can be achieved by combining one or more condenser and dispersive lenses, usually using a low-refractive-index positive convex lens and a low-refractive-index negative concave lens and cementing them together to improve spherical aberration and chromatic aberration in optical systems such as achromatic Chromatic aberration mirrors are used in photographic lenses.